Bio-socio-demographic factors associated with adolescent Psychiatric Wellness: A cross sectional study
Abstract
Adolescents are biologically prone to have more mood swings because of the hormonal changes associated with adolescence. Adolescent health problems are usually the result of their behavioural disorders. This study was aimed to know psychiatric morbidity and its bio-sociodemographic associates in adolescent aged children. This community based cross-sectional study was carried out on 400 students as per Modified Mini Screen (MMS) scale to assess the psycho-wellbeing of students schools of Jaipur city of India. General information regarding socio-demographic data and study pattern was also recorded. These data collected were analyzed and inferred with Chi-square test and ANOVA test of significance. It was observed that as per Modified MINI Screen (MMS) scale 10.75% were in red zone of psycho-wellness and 38% were in orange zone whereas 51.25% were in green. It concludes that about half of students were completely mentally healthy otherwise every alternate student was found to have poor mental health that needs further evaluation for psychomorbidity. Although Psycho-wellness was not found to be associated with age, sex , religion and cast of students but significantly poor mental health was found in children of nuclear family and middle family socio economic status of the students. It was also revealed that among risk of psycho wellness associates with various socio-demographic variables maximum variation was in socioeconomic status where maximum risk was in Class III and minimum in Class II. Likewise it was also found that minimum risk of psycho illness was in joint families.
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Introduction
Psycho-morbidity is one of the common and major emerging diseases all over the world. It is the curse of urbanization and development. The nature of modern urbanization is having bad effect on mental health because of over crowing, pollution, stresses, rising level of violence, poor social support etc.1 Pandav R et al. 2 found a lifetime prevalence of 26.5% and 30% of major depression and anxiety disorders, respectively. The rate of serious mental illness was higher for 18 to 25 year olds (7.4 %) in 2008 than for any other age group over 18.3 In addition, the onset for 50 percent of adult mental health disorders occurs by age 14, and for 75 percent of adults by age 24.4
World Health Organization defines adolescents as young people aged 10-19 years. Twenty-one percent of India’s population is in age group of 10-19 years5 Early Indian studies reported prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders among children ranging from 2.6 to 35.6 % in age group of 10-14 years.5-10 More recently psychiatric morbidity was reported 20.2% ( 20.64% in males and 19.82% in females) in 10-15 years children in Bhatinda Panjab.10
Conclusion
Every alternate student was found to have poor mental health that needs further evaluation for psychomorbidity, even so that one in 10th child was in red zone of psycho-wellness. Maximum risk of psycho morbidity was in Class III followed by Class IV, Class V, Class I and Class II. Next to socioeconomic status significant variation was observed in type of family where minimum risk was in joint families. Proportion of adolescent with psycho-wellness was not found to vary significantly as per age, sex, religion and cast were not found to be associated with psycho-wellness of students.