Cardiovascular risk factors analysis in young patients with proven coronary artery disease with special reference to dyslipidemia
Abstract
Dyslipidemia is a primary, widely established as an independent major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). Hence, this study was conducted with objective to find out associating risk factors in young CAD patients with special reference to dyslipidemia and its correlation of dyslipidemias & the type of obesity. A hospital Based observational descriptive study conducted on 30 patients of acute myocardial infarction below 40 years of age at department of medicine and Department of Cardiology. R.N.T. Medical College, Udaipur. To infer the association, Chi Square test in qualitative data and ANOVA & Unpaired’t’ test for quantitative data was used. Most common symptoms in young patients with acute myocardial infarction were chest pain (93.33%), Amongst risk factors smoking was most common (66.66%). The most common type of myocardial injury in ECG was anterior type of infarction in 66.66% cases. Single risk factor for myocardial infarction was present in 23.33% of patients. Two risk factors were present in 20% of patients whereas 49.9% patients had three or more risk factors. 6.6% patients had no apparent risk factors. Both BMI and waist hip ratio were abnormal in 16.66%. Dyslipidemias were observed in 46.66% cases. Hypercholesterolemia and LDL dyslipidemia was the commonest abnormality detected in both overweight and centrally obese groups.
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Introduction
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. Coronary artery disease in young is defined as a cardiac event occurring in the patients of age of 40 years and below.1
Myocardial infarction is one of the most common diagnoses in hospitalized patients in Westerns countries. Of all cases of CAD in West, only 2% to 5% occur in young in contrast to 12% to 16% in India2 . Even the overseas emigrant Indians are having more risk than native population which is related to environmental factors and changes in life style which are magnified in genetically susceptible patients.
Dyslipidemia is a primary, widely established as an independent major risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD) and may even be a prerequisite for CAD, occurring before other major risk factors come into play. 3 Studies have reported higher prevalence of lipid abnormalities among Asians compared with non-Asians. 4,5 Low HDL cholesterol and high TG concentrations have been implicated as possible independent predictors of CVD6,7 and the combination of these two conditions are called as atherogenic dyslipidemia.
The relationship of number of factors to subsequent development of cardiovascular disease.
Conclusion
It was concluded from this study that most common symptoms in young patients with acute myocardial infarction were chest pain (93.33%), Amongst risk factors smoking was most common (66.66%). The most common type of myocardial injury in ECG was anterior type of infarction in 66.66% cases. Single risk factor for myocardial infarction was present in 23.33% of patients. Two risk factors were present in 20% of patients whereas 49.9% patients had three or more risk factors. 6.6% patients had no apparent risk factors. Dyslipidemias were observed in 46.66% cases. Hypercholesterolemia and LDL dyslipidemia was the commonest abnormality detected in both overweight and centrally obese groups.