Determinants of Anemia in Antenatal Cases: A Cross-sectional Analysis
Abstract
Anemia in pregnancy is a major health problem in developing country like India. So this present study was carried out at Dr. Kusum Sharma Hospital Bharatpur (Rajasthan) India, with the aim to find out the determinents of anemia in Antenatal cases attended for delivery. period on pregnancy outcomes. For this study, 100 Antenatal Cases (ANCs) attended for delivery at Dr. Kusum Sharma Hospital Bharatpur (Rajasthan) India were included in this study. These ANCs were interrogated and investigated for hemoglobin estimation. It was found in this study that 63% of proportion of ANCs were having Anemia. Anemia was found to associate with age, residence, education, occupation and parity of ANCs but not with BMI and bad obstetric history of ANCs. Anemia was found significantly more in younger age, less educated and housewives than their counterparts. Likewise ANCs of rural area had more chances of Anemia than those residing in urban areas. And ANCs having either zero parity or parity more than two had more probability to have anemia than their counterparts.
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Introduction
Of the 600,000 deaths from pregnancy related complications world over, anemia is responsible for 40- 60% of them.1 Anemia causes direct as well as indirect maternal deaths from cardiac failure, hemorrhage, infection and pre-eclampcia. Among anemia, iron deficiency anemia is the most common. Nutritional deficiency is the commonest cause for iron deficiency anemia, especially in developing countries like ours. 2
Anemia in pregnancy is defined by WHO as a hemoglobin concentration below 11g/dl. 3 Although only 15% of pregnant women are anemic in developed countries, 4 the prevalence of anemia in developing countries is relatively high (33% to 75%). 3-5 According to NFHS-III (2005-2006) prevalence of anemia among pregnant women in India is 58%. 6
In India, prevalence ranges from 33% to 89%. ICMR district nutrition survey 1999-2000 also reported prevalence of anemia as 84.2% with 13.1% with severe anemia in pregnancy. 7 Anemia is associated with 22% maternal deaths around the world. 7 India contributes to about 80% of maternal deaths due to anemia in south Asia.8 In India anemia is second most common cause of maternal death, accounting for 20% of the total maternal death.9
Iron deficiency is principal cause of anemia.10 Only 22.3% pregnant women consumed Iron and folic acid tablets for 100 days. (NFHS 2005-06). National Nutrition Monitoring Bureau (NNMB-2003) and RCH surveys have shown that coverage under IFA supplementation was low and even among those who received the tablets, only one-third of them were regularly taking.11
Conclusion
ANCs with anemia were found 63%. Anemia was found to be associated with age, education, occupation, parity and residence of ANCs but not with BMI and bad obstetric history. Anemia was found significantly more in younger age, less educated and housewives than their counterparts. Likewise ANCs of rural area had more chances of Anemia than those residing in urban areas. And ANCs having either zero parity or parity more than two had more probability to have anemia than their counterparts.