Maternal factors of anemia in 3rd trimester of Pregnancy and its association with fetal outcome
Abstract
This study was aimed to find out the maternal factors and fetal outcomes associated with anemia in 3rd Trimester pregnancy. A hospital based cross sectional descriptive type of observational study was carried out in 15 to 49 years who had undergone delivery at SP Medical College Bikaner. Information about the demographic profile, ANC factors and foetal outcome data were collected. To find out associating factors appropriate test of significances were used. The magnitude of anemia 91.3% (995/1090) was found high in third trimester of pregnancy. Caste, dietary – habit, Education, Occupation, Socio-economic status, ANC Visit, Iron and folic acid supplementation were associated (P<0.05) with anemia whereas maternal-age (year) Residence Religion Number of Children Type of family Inter-Pregnancy Interval (Months) were not associated (P>0.05) with anemia. Although IUGR, premature births and still births were observed respectively 2.56 times (95% CI: 0.615 to 10.697 ), 1.3 times (95% CI: 0.723 to 2.351 ) and 0.651 times (95% CI: 0.286 to 1.481 ) in anemic mothers but it was not found significant with anemia status. But significantly more (35.5%) low-birth weight babies were born to anemic mothers as compared to ( 14.7% )among non- anemic mothers i.e. 3.181 times (Odds ratio) higher LBW babies in anemic mothers. Anemia in pregnancy may be reduce by proper Iron and folic acid supplementation which can be improved through IEC and providing proper ANC services.
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Introduction
Anemia is a major public health throughout the world specially in developing country like India. Anemia in pregnancy is commonly considered as risk factor for poor pregnancy outcome and can threaten the maternal and fetal life also. WHO has estimated that Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in developed countries is 14 % and in developing countries is 51%.1
In India, prevalence ranges from 33% to 89%. ICMR district nutrition survey 1999-2000 also reported prevalence of anemia as 84.2% with 13.1% with severe anemia in pregnancy. 2 Anemia is associated with 22% maternal deaths around the world 2 .India contributes to about 80% of maternal deaths due to anemia in south Asia.3 In India anemia is second most common cause of maternal death, accounting for 20% of the total maternal death.4
Conclusion
Factors associated with anemia in 3rd trimester of pregnancy were Caste, dietary – habit, Education, Occupation, Socio-economic status, ANC Visit, Iron and folic acid supplementation whereas Residence Religion Number of Children Type of family Inter-Pregnancy Interval (Months) were not associated. These should be improved through IEC and providing proper ANC services. More low-birth weight (LBW) babies were born to anemic mothers. Anemia in pregnancy may be reduce by proper Iron and folic acid supplementation which can be improved through IEC and providing proper ANC services. has also recognizable association with fetal outcome.