Medical Journal: Volume-10, Issue-12, December 2024

Abstract— Impulsivity is common to both bipolar disorder (BD) and substance use disorder (SUD). Bipolar disorder is in fact a risk factor for SUD, wherein substances may be used to achieve symptom relief. Impulsivity is associated with excessive protein kinase C (PKC) activity, and is implicated in the development of BD. This case report describes the use of endoxifen, a direct PKC inhibitor, for the management of a young male with BD and SUD who was not responsive to combination therapy with pharmacotherapies including lithium, haloperidol, and risperidone. The inclusion of endoxifen in the treatment regimen while discontinuing haloperidol and tapering of the dose of lithium led to reduced substance use and improvement of the symptoms of bipolar I mania within 3 weeks. The patient tolerated the treatment well, including long-term use for 2 years. Therefore, the utility of endoxifen in the management of SUD could be explored in larger studies.
Keywords— bipolar disorder, endoxifen, impulsivity, protein kinase C, substance use disorder.

Abstract— Cancer is the second leading cause of mortality globally. The World Health Organization forecasts that by 2030, there will be 22 million new cases of cancer globally. Extensive global research focuses on cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment procedures. The metabolic profile of cancer cells is distinct from that of normal cells, attributable to epigenetic and genetic abnormalities. Numerous anti-cancer drugs available commercially feature heterocycles as their main structural element. Furthermore, anticancer drugs approved by the FDA from 2010 to 2015 contain heterocyclic rings in their chemical structure. Their extensive cellular processes and mechanisms, along with their prevalence in nature, account for their inclusion in anti-cancer medications. This study elucidates several heterocyclic compounds exhibiting anticancer effects on various cell lines. These compounds feature rings composed of nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen. The collection of information on heterocyclic rings may facilitate the discovery of novel compounds with potential anticancer properties in the future.
Keywords— Heterocyclic compounds, Anticancer activity, Cell lines, Cytotoxicity, Natural product.

Abstract— The study investigates the wound healing potential of Passiflora foetida L. stem in a Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Diabetes mellitus is a major contributor to delayed wound healing, and traditional plant-based treatments offer promising alternatives. In this experiment, diabetic wounds were induced in Wistar albino rats using STZ, and the healing process was evaluated following the topical application of Passiflora foetida L. stem extracts. The rats were divided into various treatment groups, with one group receiving the extract, while others were treated with a standard wound healing agent or a control. Parameters such as wound closure rate, histopathological changes, and biochemical markers associated with healing (collagen content, inflammatory mediators, and antioxidant levels) were assessed over a period of time. The results demonstrated a significant improvement in wound healing in the group treated with Passiflora foetida L. stem extract, showing accelerated wound closure and enhanced tissue regeneration compared to the control group. These findings support the traditional use of Passiflora foetida for wound healing and suggest that it may possess therapeutic potential for diabetic wound care. Further studies to isolate the active compounds and evaluate their mechanisms of action are warranted.
Keywords— Passiflora foetida L, ethyl acetate extract, ethanol extract, Streptozotocin, antidiabetic acitivity.